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    <lastmod>2023-11-30</lastmod>
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      <image:title>The Medieval Magazine - Issue 159, Chroniclers of the Crusades</image:title>
      <image:caption>The last issue of 2023 brings us more interesting medieval chronicles – this time from the Crusades, as we focus on the stories from those who relayed contemporary accounts of the battles, motivations, and the key characters who accompanied crusading armies over the course of several hundred years. We begin with Oderic Vitalis – our earliest crusade chronicler in this issue – and his take on the events of the First Crusade and the history of the Latin East. His Ecclesiastical History (1142) provides us with an interesting glimpse into the impact of the crusading movement on Norman society and also addresses why the crusades mattered to people at that time. We move onto our next chronicler, or chroniclers I should say – two authors who demonstrate that crusade narratives could differ wildly and that we should always remain alert to bias. They both recount the events of the Albigensian Crusade and the actions of its leader, Simon de Monfort (1175–1218). The first of these, Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay (†1218), was a staunch supporter of Simon; the second, the anonymous author of the Song of the Cathar Wars, was incredibly critical of Simon and took immense pleasure in his grisly demise. Then we move on to two of the most famous chroniclers of the crusades – Geoffrey of Villehardouin (1150–1213) and Robert de Clari (1170–1216) – and how their writing sheds light on the Fourth Crusade and its aftermath. Happy Holidays to you and your loved ones  ❄️ Get the issue here IMPORTANT: Please note this is a DIGITAL magazine and is not delivered in print format. You will receive a unique link where you can download your purchase to read on any device.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Medieval Magazine</image:title>
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      <image:title>The Medieval Magazine</image:title>
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      <image:title>The Medieval Magazine</image:title>
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      <image:title>The Medieval Magazine</image:title>
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      <image:title>The Medieval Magazine</image:title>
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    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-06-01</lastmod>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/colouringhistory</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-14</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Book Reviews - Colouring History: Tudor Queens and Consorts</image:title>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557842639864-KXCLHESXZLS9E4SP6KXY/IMG_3249.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Book Reviews - Colouring History: Tudor Queens and Consorts</image:title>
      <image:caption>Tudor flower design that was inspired by a 16th century embroidery pattern. Photo: The Medieval Magazine.</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/2019/5/14/the-middle-ages-in-50-objects-by-elina-gertsman-amp-barbara-h-rosenwein</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-14</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557844135787-MO2DRY81J81AIT5ZAUR9/50+obj.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Book Reviews - The Middle Ages in  50 Objects By Elina Gertsman &amp;amp; Barbara H. Rosenwein</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects is not only a beautiful art history book, but also offers a great alternative learning route into the medieval period. Dr. Barbara H. Rosenwein, Professor Emerita at Loyola University, and Elina Gertsman, a professor of medieval art history at Case Western Reserve University, have carefully curated this stunning collection of medieval objects from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The selection not only highlights the skill of medieval artists and the function of such objects, but it also tell readers something about the importance of each piece, and its context within the medieval historical narrative.</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/blackdeath</loc>
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    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-30</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557845019029-XBMTYL6L4KF5XIY70F7E/Black+Death+book+cover.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Book Reviews - Black Death by Stephen Porter</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/castlesatwar</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-14</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557843892033-PITF75AVJBYLA0NRRF1Y/Dan+Spencer.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Book Reviews - The Castles at War in Medieval England and Wales by Dan Spencer</image:title>
      <image:caption>Dan Spencer is an expert in late medieval warfare, particularly on the subjects of gunpowder artillery and castles. He has experience of writing for both an academic and popular audience, which includes conveying cutting edge scholarly research in a format accessible to non-historians. He has written a number of articles in academic journals as well as co-authoring, The Agincourt Companion (Carlton Books Limited, 2015). He is the main contributor to the www.agincourt600.com website and co-designed the Future Learn open access online course – ‘Agincourt 1415: Myth and Reality’. His knowledge of castles and warfare has also been enhanced by his experience of teaching the subject to undergraduate and international students at the University of Southampton.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Book Reviews - The Castles at War in Medieval England and Wales by Dan Spencer</image:title>
      <image:caption>If you’re interested in learning more about castles, along with some English and Welsh history, look no further, Dan Spencer’s latest release, The Castle at War in Medieval England and Wales covers their long history from the time of the Norman Conquest to the seventeenth century. This book looks at the function of the castle - from its inception as a military fortification, to its evolution as an important administrative center, and residence. Spencer give readers a view of the crucial role castles played in the history of England and Wales. What are some of those take-always?</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/2019/6/4/the-southampton-chronicle-gregory-of-bordeaux-trilogy-book-1-by-richard-massey</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-06-04</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1559665391921-5J5LCZ4X3XRY2LEFLR9W/The+Southampton+Chronicle+book+cover.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Book Reviews - The Southampton Chronicle (Gregory of Bordeaux Trilogy Book 1) by Richard Massey</image:title>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1559667994820-F28CX9GCKKZ2RV9UBLAK/Richard+Massey_.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Book Reviews - The Southampton Chronicle (Gregory of Bordeaux Trilogy Book 1) by Richard Massey</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/2019/8/11/book-review-joanna-of-flanders-heroine-and-exile-by-julie-sarpy</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-08-12</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1565550304966-3ML7LRKHMKXUS8TJUTGH/Joann+of+Flanders+book+cover.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Book Reviews - Joanna of Flanders: Heroine and Exile by Julie Sarpy</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/2020/6/1/book-review-the-stonemason-a-history-of-building-britain</loc>
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    <lastmod>2020-06-02</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Book Reviews - The Stonemason: A History of Building Britain</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1591110664319-GROF5NYPPM5FKLMN5KOP/Profile+inside+cover+-+Andrew+Ziminski.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Book Reviews - The Stonemason: A History of Building Britain</image:title>
      <image:caption>Andrew Ziminski</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/category/Book+review</loc>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/tag/black+death</loc>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/tag/London</loc>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/tag/Biography</loc>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/tag/13th+century</loc>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/tag/plague</loc>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/tag/14th+century</loc>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/book-reviews/tag/women</loc>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel</loc>
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    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events</image:title>
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    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/santiagodecompostela</loc>
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    <lastmod>2019-01-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Santiago de Compostela</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Santiago de Compostela</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Santiago de Compostela</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Santiago de Compostela</image:title>
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    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/2019/1/18/el-escorial-spain</loc>
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    <lastmod>2019-01-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - El Escorial, Spain</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - El Escorial, Spain</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - El Escorial, Spain</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - El Escorial, Spain</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - El Escorial, Spain</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/nuremberg-castle</loc>
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    <lastmod>2019-01-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Nuremberg Castle by Sydney Gobin</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Nuremberg Castle by Sydney Gobin</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Nuremberg Castle by Sydney Gobin</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Nuremberg Castle by Sydney Gobin</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Nuremberg Castle by Sydney Gobin</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Nuremberg Castle by Sydney Gobin</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Nuremberg Castle by Sydney Gobin</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Nuremberg Castle by Sydney Gobin</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Nuremberg Castle by Sydney Gobin</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/bamburghcastle</loc>
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    <lastmod>2019-01-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Bamburgh Castle, UK by Dr. Dan Spencer</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Bamburgh Castle, UK by Dr. Dan Spencer</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Bamburgh Castle, UK by Dr. Dan Spencer</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Bamburgh Castle, UK by Dr. Dan Spencer</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Bamburgh Castle, UK by Dr. Dan Spencer</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Bamburgh Castle, UK by Dr. Dan Spencer</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/prague</loc>
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    <lastmod>2019-01-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Prague</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Prague</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Prague</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Prague</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Prague</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/zutphenlibrary</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
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    <lastmod>2019-01-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Zutphen’s Chained  Library - Zutphen, Netherlands</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Zutphen’s Chained  Library - Zutphen, Netherlands</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Zutphen’s Chained  Library - Zutphen, Netherlands</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Zutphen’s Chained  Library - Zutphen, Netherlands</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/st-hilarion-cyprus</loc>
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    <lastmod>2019-01-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - St. Hilarion, Cyprus by Dr. Helena Schrader</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1547815127413-LVQO6ZTVXT0R81CMIA7M/Cyprus+-+Helena2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - St. Hilarion, Cyprus by Dr. Helena Schrader</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1547815135365-4OSYWST49ZMN6QLR5G0I/Cyprus+-+Helena3.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - St. Hilarion, Cyprus by Dr. Helena Schrader</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1547815140419-BWZOS0HI3KWH5Y633WYO/Cyprus+-+Helena4.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - St. Hilarion, Cyprus by Dr. Helena Schrader</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1547815141379-G87XNDCEOK1L36XZEJBH/Cyprus+-+Helena5.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - St. Hilarion, Cyprus by Dr. Helena Schrader</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1547815145290-GUU2GOK3RYRXGEIGE4HS/Cyprus+-+Helena6.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - St. Hilarion, Cyprus by Dr. Helena Schrader</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/medinadelastorres</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
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    <lastmod>2019-01-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Medina de las Torres, Spain by Andrea Vincenti</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Medina de las Torres, Spain by Andrea Vincenti</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Medina de las Torres, Spain by Andrea Vincenti</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Medina de las Torres, Spain by Andrea Vincenti</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Medina de las Torres, Spain by Andrea Vincenti</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/dealcastle</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
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    <lastmod>2019-01-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Deal Castle, UK</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Deal Castle, UK</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Deal Castle, UK</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Deal Castle, UK</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Deal Castle, UK</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Deal Castle, UK</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Deal Castle, UK</image:title>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - Deal Castle, UK</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/2021/5/19/exciting-new-exhibition-at-the-british-museum-thomas-becket-murder-and-the-making-of-a-saint</loc>
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    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-05-20</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - New Exhibition at The British Museum! Thomas Becket: Murder and the Making of a Saint - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Credit: Reliquary casket, c.1220–50 from Hedalen Stave Church, Norway. By kind permission of Hedalen Stave Church.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - New Exhibition at The British Museum! Thomas Becket: Murder and the Making of a Saint - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Skull relic and reliquary of Thomas Becket, 12th century. © British Jesuit Province</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - New Exhibition at The British Museum! Thomas Becket: Murder and the Making of a Saint - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Credit: Reliquary casket showing the murder of Thomas Becket. Limoges, France, about 1180-1190. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Made less than 20 years after the murder, this enamelled casket once contained Becket’s relics, either bits of his bone or blood-soaked clothes. The lower panel depicts three knights rushing towards Becket, who prays at an altar. Horrified monks watch as one of the knights strikes the fatal blow. In the panel above, Becket’s body is lowered into a tomb and his soul is carried to heaven.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - New Exhibition at The British Museum! Thomas Becket: Murder and the Making of a Saint - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Credit: Miracle window, Canterbury Cathedral, early 1200s. © The Chapter, Canterbury Cathedral. These six panels tell the sensational story of Eilward of Westoning, a peasant who is blinded and castrated as a punishment for stealing. After praying to St Thomas, Eilward’s blindness is healed and his testicles miraculously grow back.</image:caption>
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    <lastmod>2022-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:caption>Asser (William Gardner) bids King Alfred (Michael Temporal Darell) farewell and returns to his abbey in Wales. Photo: © Claire Shovelton</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Baritone Michael Temporal Darell (King Alfred) sings his sorrows to William Gardner (Asser) in the three-part medieval opera, A New England. Photo: © Claire Shovelton</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Travel &amp; Events - A New England: A Musical Exploration of a Medieval King - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>From left to right: William Gardner (Asser), Kieran Crowley (Conductor), Dr. Matthew Green (Director, writer), Michael Temporal Darell (King Alfred). Photo: © The Medieval Magazine</image:caption>
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    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/tag/travel</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/travel/tag/Extremadura</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-18</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/byzantinepolitics</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-14</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557846960639-9MY0SDYLAG3S7IZXOTD3/JO%C3%83O+4.Miniature+from+the+so-called+Skylitzes+Matritensis+%2812th+century%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Popular Participation in Byzantine Politics By João Vicente de Medeiros Publio Dias</image:title>
      <image:caption>Miniature from the so-called Skylitzes Matritensis (12th century). This image depicts people attacking the imperial palace during the uprising against Michael V in 1042. (Source: https://dl.wdl.org/10625/service/10625.pdf).</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557846677918-GSSYMIE3Q27CHUGJWKRT/hagia-sophia-255596.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Popular Participation in Byzantine Politics By João Vicente de Medeiros Publio Dias</image:title>
      <image:caption>In 1047, an uprising broke in Byzantium under the leadership of Leo Tornikes, seeking to depose the emperor Constantine IX Monomachos (1042-1055). The rebels were able to achieve a major victory over the imperial forces before the walls of Constantinople. The city was vulnerable and ready to be taken over, but instead of entering in the city with his troops and deposing Constantine by force, Tornikes waited for an invitation by the inhabitants. This gave the emperor time to reinforce his position and eventually defeat the rebel. How can we explain this hesitation?</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2019/5/8/earning-your-badge-mementos-of-pilgrimage-by-daniele-cybulskie</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-09</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557306220170-IEYO7OUIW3RXIOKQYVO1/Canterbury_Cathedral_102_Pilgrims.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Earning Your Badge: Mementos of  Pilgrimage By Danièle Cybulskie</image:title>
      <image:caption>Stained glass panel from Canterbury Cathedral depicting pilgrims en route</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557306590313-VMDOAAVHSWYM922ZO0VH/000+Concha+metal+suelu+copia.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Earning Your Badge: Mementos of  Pilgrimage By Danièle Cybulskie - Did you know…</image:title>
      <image:caption>One story recounts that after James was martyred in Jerusalem in the year 44, his body was taken to Spain and when the ship reached the shore a horse was spooked and fell in the water. The story goes on to say how both the horse and rider were miraculously saved and came forth from the water covered in scallop shells.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557306922518-4YJOPI0GDWZC0T1X7VZL/Daniele.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Earning Your Badge: Mementos of  Pilgrimage By Danièle Cybulskie</image:title>
      <image:caption>As a writer, professor, TEDx speaker, and now podcaster, Danièle has been making the Middle Ages fun, entertaining, and accessible for over ten years. She is the author of The Five-Minute Medievalist, which debuted at the top of Amazon’s Canadian charts, and through her featured articles at Medievalists.net, as well as those she’s written for several international magazines, Danièle’s work has been read over half a million times, and counting. In addition to coaching authors to help them with their historical accuracy, she currently teaches The Middle Ages and the Modern World: Facts and Fiction, which she co-created for college students across Ontario via OntarioLearn. Danièle is also the host of The Medieval Podcast, a weekly interview show on which she speaks with experts on the Middle Ages on a wide variety of topics. Her forthcoming book, Life in Medieval Europe: Fact and Fictions, is being published by Pen &amp; Sword History, and will be available in autumn, 2019. When she’s not reading, writing, or recording, Danièle can be found drinking tea, doing Krav Maga, or sometimes building a backyard trebuchet. Follow Danièle on Twittter: @5MinMedievalist Visit Danièle’s website: www.danielecybulskie.com</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557305849000-8PLANHZ1IV7ENC4QFCDR/Vulva+sticker_retouched.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Earning Your Badge: Mementos of  Pilgrimage By Danièle Cybulskie</image:title>
      <image:caption>Erotic pilgrim badge, Netherlands. This pewter badge dates to the late 14th/early 15th century and depicts a vulva dressed as a pilgrim. Such images were believed to lure evil spirits away from the pilgrim.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2019/5/14/sir-reynard-the-fox-the-trickster-the-peasant-hero-by-minjie-su</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-15</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557847681216-2NUFVGEPF6N988HUECCX/MINJIE+1.+Renart+et+Dame+Hersent.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Sir Reynard: The Fox, the Trickster, the Peasant Hero by Minjie Su</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557913982463-XY3JL5PVYTRGGL20ODD5/MINJIE+6.+Reynard+the+Fox+battles+Isengrin+the+Wolf..png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Sir Reynard: The Fox, the Trickster, the Peasant Hero by Minjie Su</image:title>
      <image:caption>Reynard the Fox battles Isengrin the Wolf. Jacquemart Gielée: ‘’Renart le nouvel’’ Handschrift, um 1290/1300 BNF, Paris, Ms fr. 1581f. 6v.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557914124864-K71IBGH24CUG1VYDWLMV/Minjie+Profile+pic.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Sir Reynard: The Fox, the Trickster, the Peasant Hero by Minjie Su</image:title>
      <image:caption>Current DPhil student at Oxford university, researching werewolves in medieval Icelandic literature. Also, a knower of cats... Follow her on Twitter @minjie_su</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557913912670-76V8TAYRKC2654UABNJC/MINJIE+3.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Sir Reynard: The Fox, the Trickster, the Peasant Hero by Minjie Su</image:title>
      <image:caption>Reynard hunting in the chicken coop for food. BnF, Manuscrits, Français 1580 fol. 20.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/dietandprejudice</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-14</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557846074040-817X2SYJK9UBFD6T4K3M/DSC_0455+%281%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Diet, prejudice, and non-verbal communication: Liutprand of Cremona‘s embassy to Constantinople by Andrea Maraschi</image:title>
      <image:caption>Andrea Maraschi holds a BA degree in Modern Humanities (2008), an MA degree in Medieval History (2010), and a Ph.D. in History from the University of Bologna (2013). From 2014 to 2017 he has been a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Iceland. He has taught courses on Food history in the Middle Ages and Anthropology of Food, and he has published on many aspects connected with food in medieval times such as banqueting, religious symbolism, and magic practice.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557845954248-7T3BU6JVVFEFFDDP1MGT/Nicephorus+II+Phocas.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Diet, prejudice, and non-verbal communication: Liutprand of Cremona‘s embassy to Constantinople by Andrea Maraschi</image:title>
      <image:caption>Byzantine Emp. Nicephorus II Phocas. Histamenon nomisma ca. 963-969 Source: http://www.icollector.com/</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557845611229-BJ4KPIUV91OQJSN8YYEE/Otton_II_et_Th%C3%A9ophano.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Diet, prejudice, and non-verbal communication: Liutprand of Cremona‘s embassy to Constantinople by Andrea Maraschi</image:title>
      <image:caption>On the 4th of June, 968, Liutprand of Cremona made landfall at Constantinople as ambassador for the German emperor Otto I. His official mission: the arrangement of a nuptial alliance with the basileùs Nicephorus II Phocas. His unofficial mission: the draft of a report on the political framework and the military efficiency of the Byzantine Empire.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557845794052-GBVE5MNFUKNMWXUIYU5V/Charlemagne.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Diet, prejudice, and non-verbal communication: Liutprand of Cremona‘s embassy to Constantinople by Andrea Maraschi</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557845796910-1D27S1D4M4Y476XV9RI6/Holy_Roman_Empire_Crown_%28Imperial_Treasury%292.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Diet, prejudice, and non-verbal communication: Liutprand of Cremona‘s embassy to Constantinople by Andrea Maraschi</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557845797782-EYNOXHQDSR9MYIJKPXXQ/Ubf_Richard-Wagner-Platz_Mosaik_Otto_I.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Diet, prejudice, and non-verbal communication: Liutprand of Cremona‘s embassy to Constantinople by Andrea Maraschi</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/monksandmongols</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-06-06</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1559811728602-F2O95APCPL6BTALYP8G8/image2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - 13th-Century Travel Blogging: How Two  Friars Talk about  Talking to the  Mongols by Devon Field</image:title>
      <image:caption>Pope Innocent IV sends Dominicans and Franciscans out to the Tartars, and Mongols. From: Vincent of Beauvais, Le Miroir Historial (Vol. IV), Paris, Master of the Cité des Dames (illuminator); c. 1400-1410. ©KoninklijkeBibliotheek</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1559812505071-GK2WQ8UUUUZFCR4X646H/Devon+Field.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - 13th-Century Travel Blogging: How Two  Friars Talk about  Talking to the  Mongols by Devon Field</image:title>
      <image:caption>Devon Field is the writer and host of Human Circus: Journeys in the Medieval World, a narrative history podcast about medieval travellers. He received his M.A. in Humanities from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, B.C., where he now lives and teaches writing to small children.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1559812157550-97D8K0KO80NS8H10H1WD/image4.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - 13th-Century Travel Blogging: How Two  Friars Talk about  Talking to the  Mongols by Devon Field</image:title>
      <image:caption>Mongol archers featured in the Compendium of Chronicles of Rashiduldin Hamadani (1305). From: “The History of the World” by Rashid al-Din. Photograph by AKG-Images, published in “The Mongols and the West”, Peter Jackson, 2005. ©WikimediaCommons</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1559812380397-NOBPL586NJJT35GVIBVE/image5.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - 13th-Century Travel Blogging: How Two  Friars Talk about  Talking to the  Mongols by Devon Field</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ms Fr 2810 f.76v, Wolf-headed people of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, from ‘Le Livre des Merveilles’, c.1410-12 (tempera on vellum). By The Boucicaut Master and workshop (1390-1430), Paris, France. ©BibliothequeNationale</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/de-administrando-imperio</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-06-14</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560508181736-U4S9WRUGZ1VYUAN7MONM/BETH+6.+BETH+6.+Ship+burial+of+a+Rus+chieftain.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Account of Viking Traders and Travelers in De Administrando Imperio  By Bethany Rogers</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ship burial of a Rus chieftain. This serene was described by the Arab traveler Ahmad ibn Fadlan who visited Kievan Rus in the 10th century, painted by Henryk Siemiradzki (1883). WikimediaCommons</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560507991434-RJVM4URDFVYJDJAJFWIX/BETH+2.+Monoxyla.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Account of Viking Traders and Travelers in De Administrando Imperio  By Bethany Rogers</image:title>
      <image:caption>Monoxyla. A 10th century monoxyla boat found in the Oder river in Poland. It is currently in the Świdnica museum near Zielona Góra, Poland. ©Mohylek, via Wikimedia Commons</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560507796615-E3OSHKI8GTRHAMW6WGCT/BETH+1.+Constantine+7.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Account of Viking Traders and Travelers in De Administrando Imperio  By Bethany Rogers</image:title>
      <image:caption>Constantine VII. : This piece of carved ivory from the Pushkin Museum shows Christ blessing Emperor Constantine VII, c. AD 945. The piece passed from the treasury at Etchmiadzin to the collection of Count Sergey Uvarov in the mid-19th century. ©Ghirlandajo, via Wikipedia.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560508072911-ATXADECDJMCWWPH54REY/BETH+3.+Pechenegs.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Account of Viking Traders and Travelers in De Administrando Imperio  By Bethany Rogers</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Pechenegs. This image from the chronicle of the 11th c. Greek historian, John Skylitze depicts the Pecheneg’s slaughter the “skyths” of Sviatoslav I of Kiev. From the Skyllitzes Matritensis, fol. 173r. ©MadridSkylitzes, via Wikimedia Commons.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560508353884-3E0RA51Q6IASPG6VXEOX/Bethany+profile+pic.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Account of Viking Traders and Travelers in De Administrando Imperio  By Bethany Rogers</image:title>
      <image:caption>Beth has a BA in News-editorial journalism from the University of Illinois. In 2011, she received her Masters in Secondary Education with teaching certification in English Education. She holds a second MA in Medieval Icelandic Studies from the University of Iceland. She recently began a PhD at the University of Iceland exploring the cultural significance of dairy products in medieval Iceland.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2019/5/8/the-warrior-merchants-by-meghna-n-desai</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-08</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557307794257-I9RYKSB0KZ4YWVIPFNYC/Ancient+Eurasian+Trade+Routes.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Warrior Merchants By Meghna N. Desai</image:title>
      <image:caption>The map showing the trade routes between Europe, Asia and Africa. Image courtesy: http://www.ancienttrenches.com/ ancient-trade-routes.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557307858879-JUJV5TH5V8FZN0RMQOM9/1280px-Lotus_Mahal_Pavilion_at_Hampi.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Warrior Merchants By Meghna N. Desai</image:title>
      <image:caption>Lotus Mahal Pavilion at Hampi via Wikimedia</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557307684805-DHPN5LTP7KGUUL5O7ASB/Le_temple_de_Virupaksha_%28Hampi%2C_Inde%29_%2814255857272%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Warrior Merchants By Meghna N. Desai</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Indus Valley Civilisation laid the founding stone in establishing organised trade relations with Mesopotamia and Egypt. Archaeologist Prof. J.M. Kenoyer, who spent decades unearthing the trade and crafts technologies of the Indus Valley writes, ‘..no single individual or dynasty dominated the cities for very long, and that they may have been controlled by several competing groups of elites, i.e. landowners, merchants, or ritual specialists. Collectively, these communities appear to have established and maintained order and hierarchy among many diﬀerent social classes and economic groups that would have been present in larger cities.’</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557308112047-V0MNXQPTR51JVZ6T0XM5/Unknown.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Warrior Merchants By Meghna N. Desai</image:title>
      <image:caption>Meghna N. Desai is enthusiast in ancient arts and sciences. She has a Master’s in Ancient Indian Culture and Archaeology, along with post graduate diploma in Comparative Mythology and a diploma in Maritime trade. Meghna enjoys drawing parallels between Europe, Near East, Egypt and South Asia and likes writing about them. She helps with translation of books and articles for scholars who choose to write in their first language in-order to make the literature accessible to wider audience. She is aiming to pursue her doctorate and wishes to continue writing about the ancient way of life and their perception of the world.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2019/5/8/the-cult-of-saints-sainte-foy-by-sydney-k-gobin</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-08</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557308291132-ZOKA2S3Q84HNG2DBQH81/SYDNEY+5.+Interior+of+Abbey+of+Sainte-Foy.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Cult Of Saints:  Sainte Foy by Sydney K. Gobin</image:title>
      <image:caption>Divine rays of ethereal light stream through rich, multicolored glass; overwhelming scents are emitted from hanging lanterns, masking the indistinguishable mixture of odors brought into the sacred space; footsteps echo against the cavernous stone walls. Angels, demons, saints, and prophets peer downward imploring self-reflection and fear upon the visitors; recalling those they left behind and those who came before. Monopolizing the senses, the pilgrimage church served as an awe-inspiring symbol of the holy power which reigned supreme in France during the Middle Ages. These monumental stone institutions were part of a network of churches leading the penitent pilgrim along their treacherous journey of hope.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557308570468-V4LE4HE3CT3CWMA0ASKB/SYDNEY+8.+Saint+Foy+in+Majesty.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Cult Of Saints:  Sainte Foy by Sydney K. Gobin</image:title>
      <image:caption>St. Foy in Majesty. c. 980. Location: Conques, Trésor de l’abbatiale Sainte-Foy de Conques. Wikimedia Commons.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557308851784-X8I106DC5HA7GT7GFHTZ/Gobin_BioPic.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Cult Of Saints:  Sainte Foy by Sydney K. Gobin</image:title>
      <image:caption>Sydney is a Medieval Art Historian and Archivist based in Brooklyn, NY. She received her master’s degrees from The Pratt Institute in the History of Art and Design and Library and Information Science, with an advanced certificate in Archives; her undergraduate degree is also in the History of Art and Design, with a concentration in Medieval and Renaissance art, from Purdue University. Sydney is passionate about artistic culture during the middle ages -- specifically within manuscript illumination -- and the exchange of ideas which they represent. When she’s not focusing on academic pursuits, she can be found visiting museums, traveling, and getting lost in Middle Earth. Sydney currently works as a Data Technician while moonlighting as an Archivist and Collection Manager for artists and art historians in the Greater New York Area. You can follow her on Instagram: @artventurous</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1557308720599-8EF8CR0HCI2NQUTV7KGA/SYDNEY+6.+Tympan+du+Judgement%2C+Abbey+of+Sainte-Foy.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Cult Of Saints:  Sainte Foy by Sydney K. Gobin</image:title>
      <image:caption>Detail of the Tympan du Jugement on the exterior of the Abbey of Sainte-Foy. By Jean-Louis Zimmerman via Flikr.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/the-mystics-of-arabia</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-06-14</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560507177821-3RT62212K56ZJ0AQ5TZQ/330px-Al-RaziInGerardusCremonensis1250.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - ‘As above, so below’ : The Mystics of Arabia by Meghna N. Desai</image:title>
      <image:caption>European depiction of the Persian (Iranian) doctor Al-Razi, in Gerardus Cremonensis “Recueil des traités de médecine” 1250-1260. A surgeon (left) holds the matula, a vessel for collecting the urine via Wikimedia</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560507259391-A7C145Y146GAI44E5AAE/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - ‘As above, so below’ : The Mystics of Arabia by Meghna N. Desai</image:title>
      <image:caption>Jabir ibn Hayyan By Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana via Wikimedia</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560507329366-DIXEHB8VQDO0110CZVYY/Unknown.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - ‘As above, so below’ : The Mystics of Arabia by Meghna N. Desai</image:title>
      <image:caption>Meghna N. Desai is enthusiast in ancient arts and sciences. She has a Master’s in Ancient Indian Culture and Archaeology, along with post graduate diploma in Comparative Mythology and a diploma in Maritime trade. Meghna enjoys drawing parallels between Europe, Near East, Egypt and South Asia and likes writing about them. She helps with translation of books and articles for scholars who choose to write in their first language in-order to make the literature accessible to wider audience. She is aiming to pursue her doctorate and wishes to continue writing about the ancient way of life and their perception of the world.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560506986149-LPKBENCHMSEKOGFTYH1Y/ed9ce122d160d77f3abf8ce5063774fb.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - ‘As above, so below’ : The Mystics of Arabia by Meghna N. Desai</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Seven Principles of Hermes Hermes Trismegistus The Emerald Tablet via http://illuminatizeitgeist.tumblr.com</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1560507153143-3HEPLV3GRY7OZEZLVTYX/200d68c9f7b8fa33fb0dd5b6e5c80dc7.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - ‘As above, so below’ : The Mystics of Arabia by Meghna N. Desai</image:title>
      <image:caption>Arabian Alchemy Manuscript via A History Of Graphic Design Chapter 87 Art In Alchemy Visual</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
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    <lastmod>2020-02-14</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1581672602725-UO0ATCAVKRL2YORP4R41/aachen+arcade.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Mirror of an empire Charlemagne’s Palatine Chapel By Jo’anne van Ooijen</image:title>
      <image:caption>Arcades. Detail, Palatine Chapel. Photo: J.L.B. Ribeiro via Wikimedia Commons</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1578391659304-DPCUYNWK8O8WHL03RNPP/JO+2.+Palatine+chapel.+Interior+view.+%C2%A9Velvet%2C+Wikimedia+Commons.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Mirror of an empire Charlemagne’s Palatine Chapel By Jo’anne van Ooijen</image:title>
      <image:caption>Palatine Chapel. Photo: Velvet via Wikimedia Commons</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2020/2/14/a-guide-to-medieval-marital-sex-by-lucie-laumonier</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
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    <lastmod>2020-02-14</lastmod>
    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Past Issue Features - A Guide to Medieval Marital Sex By Lucie Laumonier</image:title>
      <image:caption>Mariage de Bohémond Ier et Constance de France. Via Wikimedia Commons-Maître de Fauvel</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1581673802319-MFLVM90NDENB56AREB83/Brauysegen_im_Bett.gif</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - A Guide to Medieval Marital Sex By Lucie Laumonier</image:title>
      <image:caption>How Reymont and Melusina were betrothed / And by the bishop were blessed in their bed on their wedlock (Woodcut from The Fair Melusina / 15th century.) via Wikimedia Commons</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2020/3/22/women-and-magic-in-medieval-iceland-the-story-of-orbjrg-by-andrea-maraschi</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-08-04</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1584882664269-VI51ZCHTYVWYVH567B7M/A2.+Depiction+of+Odin+on+The+Funen+bracteate+%28DR+BR42+%3D+DR+IK58%29%2C+found+in+Funen%2C+Denmark.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Women and magic in medieval Iceland:  The story of Þorbjǫrg by Andrea Maraschi</image:title>
      <image:caption>Depiction of Odin on The Funen bracteate (DR BR42 = DR IK58), found in Funen, Denmark.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1584882546584-4FKF60M9LQWKNOD0KOCW/A+3.+Eir%C3%ADk+the+Red%27s+Saga.+13th+c.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Women and magic in medieval Iceland:  The story of Þorbjǫrg by Andrea Maraschi</image:title>
      <image:caption>Manuscript of Eirík the Red's Saga.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2020/5/5/the-goose-that-went-on-crusade-by-dr-kathleen-walker-meikle</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-05-05</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1588674159986-XY9Q0GYS90UYH15L8JNI/greylag-goose-2139296_640.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Goose That Went on Crusade  by Dr Kathleen Walker-Meikle</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1588673416687-SAV4LJ624OO6Z5MWCFQT/00550801.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Goose That Went on Crusade  by Dr Kathleen Walker-Meikle</image:title>
      <image:caption>Unknown, A Goose, 1277 or after. Ms. Ludwig XV 4 (83.MR.174), fol. 44</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2020/5/5/medieval-travel-blogger-cristoforo-boundelmonti-travelling-through-the-aegean-islands-in-the-fifteenth-century-by-peter-konieczny</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-05-05</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1588676037838-6LREYE2MBG60GVAV11EI/Old_Fortress_in_Corfu_16th_century.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Medieval “travel blogger” Cristoforo Boundelmonti: Travelling through the Aegean Islands in the Fifteenth-Century by Peter Konieczny</image:title>
      <image:caption>Henry Jervis-White-Jervis (1852) History of the Island of Corfú and of the Republic of the Ionian Islands, Colburn and Company, pp. 126-127</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1588675771419-ZF2FVNUZ3XVQEHKAVNIJ/greece-kos-sky-mountain.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Medieval “travel blogger” Cristoforo Boundelmonti: Travelling through the Aegean Islands in the Fifteenth-Century by Peter Konieczny</image:title>
      <image:caption>“I will describe not what I have learned by hearsay but what I have seen in the past six years with my own eyes after much reflection, which will be very pleasing not only to readers but also must useful to sailors, once they know what places they might be seeking and the point from which they are departing.” ~ Cristoforo Boundelmonti</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2020/8/4/sophia-palaiologina-russias-byzantine-dynasty-by-james-blake-wiener</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-14</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1596530399843-LMRC93XRHDZXYXJNC220/586px-Nikon_letopis_1566.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Sophia Palaiologina: Russia’s Byzantine Dynasty by James Blake Wiener</image:title>
      <image:caption>Fragment of Nikon Chronicle about founding a fortress on the bank of the river Orel (Oryol). XVI century</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1596529879859-HKRW5P41O8BRZ37AV5VZ/S.paleolog_reconstruction03.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - Sophia Palaiologina: Russia’s Byzantine Dynasty by James Blake Wiener</image:title>
      <image:caption>Sophia Palaiologina. Forensic facial reconstruction by S.A.Nikitin. ©Shakko, via Wikimedia Commons.</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2020/8/5/when-death-docked-in-constantinople-by-michael-goodyear</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1596622842963-0WM7EDXVEBTFUQ85GEPM/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_CONSTANTINOPEL.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - When Death Docked in Constantinople by Michael Goodyear</image:title>
      <image:caption>Constantinople in Nuremberg Chronicle (1453) ©Wikimedia Commons</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1596622886266-2LN2ZDVOJFUYJZDYV6OD/1024px-Feodosiya_Genoese_fortress_of_Caffa_IMG_2991_1725.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - When Death Docked in Constantinople by Michael Goodyear</image:title>
      <image:caption>Genoese citadel of Caffa, now Feodosia, Crimea. ©Investigatio, Wikimedia Commons</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.themedievalmagazine.com/past-issue-features/2020/8/4/the-islands-of-the-north-atlantic-during-the-fourteenth-century-plague-by-karin-murray-bergquist</loc>
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    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-08-05</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1596548839698-IVRW85SZ6ZV2H0IZPL4V/shetland+island.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - The Islands of the North Atlantic During the Fourteenth-Century Plague by Karin Murray Bergquist</image:title>
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      <image:title>Past Issue Features - That Memory, You See</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1616615304370-ZXS2T3OGFUIWB6XUXKLQ/Screenshot+2021-03-24+at+19.46.28.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - That Memory, You See</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5af450bdb27e39126bccb50e/1616068739655-G0IUICMJ7A6MSX1XST38/GuyGavrielKay.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Issue Features - That Memory, You See</image:title>
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